Examples: Jilu axona, Azerbaijan Jewish axxona/axona (Garbell 1965, 297), Tisqopa axona (Rubba, personal telecommunications)

(۲۰) The definition of to possess ‘brother’, aha when you look at the BT, provides at the same time been augmented, even though this form is even found in Turoyo. Hertevin has one another ?aha and you will ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic only has aha (Macuch 1965 https://datingranking.net/de/lutherische-datierung/, 495).

As well, additional NENA, i have most other terms: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(۲۱) You to alternatively strange item that is attested in most NENA dialects but Sanandaj Christian (and that probably merely a spin gap in the proof) is actually aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) contends that the keyword derives regarding resources ql ‘to feel crooked’. All languages utilize the means aqla, except Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(۲۲) Several other word talked about by Krotkoff (1985, 131-32, 134) is baxta ‘woman’, which has supplanted the Syriac atta in every NENA, however inside the Turoyo otherwise Mandaic. So it word appears to be a consequence of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is fascinating to notice that an unequal plural survives during the several dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and you may Halabja inse.

(۲۳) An unexpected innovation discussed by the Noldeke (1868, 59) try rxata, corresponding to Syriac rhat. The alteration regarding h so you can x in this one word is utilized in all the NENA languages where verb is attested. Examples: Sanandaj Religious raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(۲۴) Various other unexpected innovation ‘s the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take new variations zda?a, zdaya, and you can zdala regarding the individuals dialects. Macuch and you will Panoussi (1974, 50) promote a prospective derivation on the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Versions to the infixed d can be found in all the newest NENA dialects the spot where the supply try attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-dreading (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Only a few of your distinguishing attributes of NENA are located either in Turoyo otherwise Mandaic

In my opinion the a lot more than will make it obvious your NENA languages show many special qualities which are discover none in the earlier attested forms of Aramaic neither from the other living dialects. These features assortment across the domains off phonology, morphology, additionally the lexicon.

Particularly, all the languages of NENA concur from inside the criteria 2, nine, 14, 15, 16, 21, and you can twenty two. Every dialects in which i have suggestions and agree on conditions 20, 23, and you may 24.

All but Halabja agree inside the conditions 8 and you may eleven. Standard six is located in all of the languages except Halabja, Hertevin, and you will Sanandaj Christian.

Despite their inner departments, the NENA languages means a stunningly coherent classification, split up certainly out of each other Turoyo and Mandaic. The positioning ones languages beyond your NENA soft is out of matter.

The amount to which has is mutual round the NENA is specially impressive when we take into account the enormous differences when considering various dialects. The influence from most other dialects on the NENA has been both deep and broad, in addition to degree of shared intelligibility between dialects can be quite small. Many common designs dispute strongly having a familiar supply from the newest NENA dialects, either in one dialect or perhaps in several directly associated dialects. Meanwhile, we can detect a handful of important bundles regarding isoglosses and that portray the limits regarding dialect groups.

a) The fresh dialect away from Halabja does not show specific crucial designs and this are located owing to all of the remaining portion of the languages. It doesn’t mode a good CCiC-ce preterite out-of intransitive verbs (8), it’s zero b(it)- upcoming marker (10), and also no 3rd people only one copula that have step 1 (11). That is by far the most important division between dialects out-of NENA. It means that the kept dialects mode a group whereby innovations give if you’re Halabja stayed unchanged by her or him.